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Henry Stephens Salt
Henry Stephens Salt (20 September 1851 – 19 April 1939) was an English writer and campaigner for social reform in the fields of prisons, schools, economic institutions, and the treatment of animals. He was a noted ethical vegetarian, anti-vivisectionist, socialist, and pacifist, and was well known as a literary critic, biographer, classical scholar and naturalist. It was Salt who first introduced Mohandas Gandhi to the influential works of Henry David Thoreau, and influenced Gandhi's study of vegetarianism.〔"My faith in vegetarianism grew on me from day to day. Salt's book ''Plea for Vegetarianism'' whetted my appetite for dietetic studies. I went in for all books available on vegetarianism and read them". Mohandas Gandhi, ''An Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth'', Part I, chapter XV.〕〔Ashe, Geoffrey. Gandhi, a Biography. New York: Cooper Square Press, 2000〕
Salt is credited with being the first writer to argue explicitly in favour of animal rights, in his ''Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress'' (1894), rather than focusing on improvements to animal welfare. He wrote: "If we are ever going to do justice to the lower races, we must get rid of the antiquated notion of a 'great gulf' fixed between them and mankind, and must recognize the common bond of humanity that unites all living beings in one universal brotherhood."〔
==Early life and career==
The son of a British army colonel, Salt was born in India in 1851, but returned with his family to England in 1852 while still an infant. He studied at Eton College, and graduated from the University of Cambridge in 1875.
After Cambridge, Salt returned to Eton as an assistant schoolmaster to teach classics. Four years later, in 1879, he married Catherine (Kate) Joynes, the daughter of a fellow master at Eton. He remained at Eton until 1884, when, inspired by classic ideals and disgusted by his fellow masters' meat-eating habits and reliance on servants, he and Kate moved to a small cottage at Tilford, Surrey where they grew their own vegetables and lived very simply, sustained by a small pension Salt had built up. Salt engrossed himself in writing and began work on the pioneering Humanitarian League.
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